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Freedom From Obsessive Eating By Tom Coghill
Extreme effort is needed to
stop the unmanageable desire for food. Therefore, improve your fighting skills to overcome compulsive actions.
This fight is for freedom;
refuse to fail. You can feel ardent emotions and choose not to give in. Order yourself, “I refuse to quit. I will not
budge. I refuse to fail.” During the emotional turmoil caused by enticement, ask yourself, “what do I really want?”
Eating to unwind is not what you want. What you really desire is to be at ease.
You do not want to eat because
you are annoyed. What you want is to resolve the issue. You do not want to eat simply because you are afraid. What you really
want is the courage to face it. Eating because of boredom is not what you want What you really need is, a challenge that will
stir some excitement within you.
Do not wrestle with obsessive thoughts,
but convert them into empowering thoughts and rewarding activities. Use mini-breaks to change your mood and put a halt to
obsessive thinking. Do something you enjoy for a few minutes until the emotions ebb. Sing a song, get some fresh air, go for
a stroll, or take up yoga. You will not only be battling addictive thoughts, but upgrading your life.
Do not yield; each time you
do, the comfort will create a desire to repeat it. Remind yourself that junk food is fake pleasure. If you do not nurture
a craving, it will die. If you become anxious, slowly take a deep breath, hold it for a second, and slowly release, relax.
Imagine the feeling of distaste
until you are sickened: screeching wheels in a sudden stop, or a hair in your soup, Picture
an image that suits you. Use negative association. Junk food is solid forms of cholesterol and fat. Build your own negative
tags for the foods you are moving away from.
Play this mental procedure
to end; look at the whole picture. Don’t focus solely on the pleasure, but rather be conscious of all the adverse effects.
When you manage yourself,
you feel that something was denied, and feel deprived. Battle that emotion with the truth that you have what it takes to be
happy. Challenge the emotion of loss.
Always remember the bad qualities
of the food you hate. Do not eat them. Steer away from triggers like fast food outlets and donut stores. Avoid hanging around
unnecessarily in the kitchen or at the lunch table when temptation lurks. Your meals must be planned. Snack on fruits and
vegetables.
The toughest days are the first few.
If you are out of it and feel weak, it will be difficult to control your thoughts. Managing direction requires work, and feeling
toxic makes an reckless self-destructive feeling. It will vanish once the blood clears of toxins. Do the best you can amidst
these periods to remain steadfast. click here to visit the source page for this article and learn more about the author!



Emotional reactions to infidelity
Todd K. Shackelford, Gregory J. LeBlanc, and Elizabeth Drass
Florida Atlantic University, Davie, USA
We sought to identify emotional reactions to a
partner’s sexual infidelity and emotional infidelity. In a preliminary study, 53 participants
nominated emotional reactions to a partner’s sexual and emotional infidelity.
In a second study, 655 participants rated each
emotion for how likely it was to occur following sexual and emotional infidelity. Principal
components analysis revealed 15 emotion components, including:
-
Hostile/Vengeful
-
Depressed
-
Sexually aroused
We conducted
repeated measures analyses of variance on the 15 components, with participant sex as the
between-subjects factor and infidelity type as the within subjects factor.
A main effect for sex obtained for 9 components.
For example, men scored higher on Homicidal/Suicidal, whereas women scored higher on Undesirable/Insecure.
A main effect for infidelity type obtained for
12 components. For example, participants endorsed Nauseated/Repulsed as more likely to follow sexual infidelity and Undesirable/Insecure as more likely to follow emotional infidelity.
Discussion addresses limitations of this research,
and highlights the need for an integrative theory of emotional reactions to infidelity.

Marriage occurs in every known culture (Brown, 1991; Epstein & Guttman, 1984; Vandenberg,
1972). So, too, does infidelity. Estimates of infidelity among American married couples
range from 26% to 75% (Buss, 1994; Hite, 1987; Kinsey, Pomeroy, & Martin, 1948; Kinsey, Pomeroy, Martin, & Kebhard, 1953).
Infidelity is not confined to American or even
to Western marriages. In a study of 160 cultures, infidelity was the most frequently cited
reason for divorce (Betzig, 1989). Infidelity can have destructive consequences. Suspicion of a partner’s infidelity
elicits jealousy in men and in women (Buss & Shackelford, 1997; Daly & Wilson, 1988).
Sexual jealousy can have particularly disastrous
consequences when elicited in men. The most frequent cause of wife-battering and wife-killing is male sexual jealousy (Daly, Wilson, & Weghorst, 1982; Wilson &
Daly, 1992). Male sexual jealousy also is the cause of many husband-killings.
In
a sample of 47 murders precipitated by a jealous man, nine of the murdered were men killed
in self-defence by women accused of infidelity (Daly et al.,
1982). Infidelity is a significant theoretical issue.
From
an evolutionary perspective (Buss, Larsen, Westen, & Semmelroth,
1992; Buss & Shackelford, 1997), infidelity signals the diversion of important
reproductive resources. From an equity perspective (Walster,
Walster, & Perscheid, 1978), infidelity signals inequities in a relationship.
From an investment model perspective (Rusbult, 1980), infidelity signals lack of commitment to a relationship.
In short,
infidelity acquires importance in any theory of romantic relationships. Previous work, much of it guided by an evolutionary psychological perspective, documents
large sex differences in emotional reactions to a partner’s infidelity, across many
different cultures and using different methodologies (e.g., Buunk,
Angleitner, Oubaid, & Buss, 1996; Buss et al., 1992; Buss et al., 1999; de Weerth
& Kalma, 1993; Geary, Rumsey, Bow-Thomas, & Hoard, 1995;
Wiederman & Allgeier, 1993).

Men,
more than women, display greater upset in response to a partner’s sexual infidelity,
whereas women, more than men, display greater upset in response to a partner’s emotional infidelity. Sexual infidelity refers to sexual activity with someone other than one’s long-term partner.
Emotional
infidelity occurs
when one’s partner channels resources such as romantic love, time, and attention to
someone else.
Researchers working from other theoretical perspectives, including social role
theory and socialization-based models, also have documented these sex differences in
emotional reactions to infidelity (e.g., DeSteno & Salovey, 1996; Hupka & Bank,
1996).
An important empirical and theoretical question
is: What specific emotions occur in reaction to a partner’s infidelity? Much research
has assessed the emotion of jealousy (see Salovey, 1991; White & Mullen, 1989). Recent
research suggests, however, that jealousy is not a single emotion but instead includes many component emotions (e.g., Bryson, 1991; Sharpsteen, 1993; Sharpsteen
& Kirkpatrick, 1997; Zammuner, 1995; Zammuner & Fischer, 1995; Zammuner & Frijda,
1994).
Perhaps the most exhaustive previous attempt to
identify empirically the component emotions of jealousy was conducted by Sharpsteen (1993). Sharpsteen conducted a prototype analysis of ‘‘romantic jealousy’’,
whereby he asked participants to list ‘‘the characteristics of romantic jealousy
(e.g., what people think, feel, or do when jealous; the circumstances under which it would
occur)’’ (p. 72).
Sharpsteen identified 86 emotions, thoughts, and actions associated with romantic jealousy. Two important
differences exist between Sharpsteen’s study and the present research.
First, whereas Sharpsteen’s study was designed
to identify the component features of
romantic jealousy, the present studies are designed to identify the emotional reactions
to a partner’s infidelity. Not once in the instructions to participants in the present
work is the term ‘‘jealousy’’ used.
The
use of ‘‘jealousy’’ is avoided to allow participants to generate
a wide array of emotions, including emotions not usually associated with jealousy, such
as happiness and relief.
A second difference between Sharpsteen’s
study and the present studies is that Sharpsteen’s study sought to identify the emotions,
cognitions, and behaviors associated with romantic jealousy, whereas the present studies
seek to identify only the emotional reactions to a partner’s infidelity.

In follow-up work,
Sharpsteen and Kirkpatrick (1997) cluster analyzed the 86 emotions, cognitions, and behaviors and identified 17 clusters of features, including:
The present research provides an opportunity to examine whether Sharpsteen and Kirkpatrick’s (1997) clusters
can be replicated, using a different methodology. In a preliminary study, we use an act
nomination method (Buss & Craik, 1983) to identify
the range and diversity of participant-generated emotional reactions to a partner’s
infidelity.
In the primary study,
we identify the components underlying these emotions. We located one previous study that
went beyond a request for rating or selecting a single emotional reaction to a partner’s
infidelity, where the two types of infidelity were differentiated and where the responses
of men and women were differentiated.
Geary et al. (1995) asked Chinese and American
men and women to rate how hurt, jealous, and angry they would feel on discovering a partner’s sexual infidelity or emotional infidelity. When imagining a partner’s sexual or emotional infidelity, no sex differences were detected for the
full sample (Chinese and American participants) for hurt, jealousy, or
anger.
However, for the American sample alone, women reported
greater hurt, jealousy, and anger. These sex differences were replicated by Geary et al.
in a second study. Conflicting results were obtained for the Chinese sample:
In the first
study, no sex differences were detected in ratings for hurt, jealousy, or anger in reaction
to a partner’s sexual infidelity. In a second study, however, Chinese men scored higher
than Chinese women on all three emotions. The present research in part allows for a replication
and extension of the Geary et al. (1995) results, using a different methodology.
In summary, the goal of the present research is
to identify a wide range of participant-generated emotional reactions to a partner’s infidelity, while at the same
time differentiating:
(a) the reactions
of men from the reactions of women, and
(b) the reactions
to a partner’s sexual infidelity from the reactions to a partner’s emotional
infidelity.
In a preliminary study, participants nominated emotional reactions to a partner’s
sexual and emotional infidelity. A new group of participants rated each emotion for how
likely it was to occur following sexual and emotional infidelity.

Preliminary study
We used an act nomination method to identify the range and diversity
of emotional reactions to a partner’s sexual infidelity and emotional infidelity (Buss & Craik, 1983).
A total of 53 undergraduates (34 women, 19 men; 80% Caucasian; mean age 19 years) were instructed to think of a past, future, or their current
committed, sexual relationship. Each participant completed two forms.
The instructions for the form assessing emotional
reactions to sexual
infidelity were: ‘‘Imagine that you find out that your partner has been having sex with someone else. Imagine your partner trying and enjoying many different sexual
positions and activities with this other person. Imagine that most of your partner’s
waking thoughts and fantasies are about having sex with this other person’’.
The
instructions for the form assessing emotional reactions to emotional infidelity were: ‘‘Imagine that you find out that your partner has fallen in love with another person. Your partner has become deeply emotionally attached
to this other person, and thoughts of this other person consume your partner’s every
thought’’.
Participants were instructed to write on the lines provided 15 emotions they
might feel in reaction to each type of infidelity.
The emotional reactions nominated by men and women
overlapped substantially, as did the emotions nominated as reactions to sexual infidelity
and emotional infidelity. Thus, we created a single list of emotions that included the emotional reactions nominated by men and women for sexual and emotional infidelity.
After assembling the list of emotions, we eliminated
redundancies. This elimination process erred toward over-inclusion in that emotions with
even partial distinctiveness (e.g., ‘‘nauseated’’ and ‘‘sickened’’)
were retained to maximize the range of coverage. We eliminated words or phrases that clearly
were not emotions, such as ‘‘I would kill her if she cheated on me’’.
This elimination
process also erred toward overinclusion, and we retained any term that might be construed
as an emotion or affect, such as ‘‘homicidal’’, ‘‘sexually aroused’’, and ‘‘blameworthy’’. We appreciate that some might disagree that these are emotions, but we retained them in an effort to create a list of descriptors that would capture the full range of possible emotional reactions to a partner’s
infidelity.
Also in an effort to cover of the full range of
emotions, we consulted Russell’s (1980) circumplex model of affect. Russell identified
28 emotion terms that tap eight dimensions of affect. When organized as a circumplex model, these eight dimensions fully cover the range of affect. Three of Russell’s affect dimensions were not well represented among the emotional reactions to infidelity nominated by participants:
-
Pleasure
-
Sleepiness
-
Contentment
We added to participants’
nominations affect terms from these three dimensions. The final list comprised 103 emotional
reactions to infidelity. Sample emotions are:
-
undesirable
-
vengeful
-
sad
-
helpless
-
happy
-
shocked
-
nauseated
-
blame-worthy
-
relieved
-
humiliated
-
sexually aroused
-
sleepy
-
homicidal
-
anxious
-
forgiving

Primary study
The first goal of the primary study was to identify
the component structure of the 103 emotional reactions to infidelity. Assuming an interpretable
structure emerged, and based on previous theoretical and empirical work, we wanted to investigate:
(a) sex differences in emotional reactions to a partner’s infidelity,
(b) differences in emotional reactions to a partner’s sexual infidelity versus
a partner’s emotional infidelity, and
(c) whether the sex differences in emotional reactions
depend on infidelity type.
Participants. These were 655 students (324 males, 331 females) drawn from a departmental
participant pool at a university in the Southwest.
Participants
received credit toward their grade in an introductory psychology course. About 59% of participants
were Caucasian, 19% Hispanic, 17% Asian American, and 5% African American. The mean age
of participants was 19.4 years, ranging from 17 to 40 years.
About
90% of participants reported past or current involvement in a committed romantic relationship.
About 75% of these relationships included sexual intercourse. About 65% of participants
reported that they had had sex with someone else, fallen in love with someone else, or both while involved in a committed relationship.
About
80% of participants suspected or knew that their partner in a committed relationship had
had sex with someone else, fallen in love with someone else, or both while involved with
the participant.
Materials and procedures. The survey completed by participants opened with several biographical questions, followed by a section on romantic relationship
history. Next, participants were instructed to think about a past, future, or their current
committed, sexual, romantic relationship, and to imagine that their partner has been unfaithful.
Participants
were instructed to indicate for each of 103 emotions the degree to which they would feel
that emotion if their partner was:
(a) sexually unfaithful but not
emotionally unfaithful, and
(b) emotionally unfaithful but not sexually unfaithful
Ratings
were provided on a 9-point scale ranging from 0 (‘‘I would not experience this
emotion at all’’ to 8 (‘‘I would be consumed with this emotion’’).
To
the left of each emotion were two blank spaces, forming two columns of blank spaces down
the left side of the page. At the top of each column was the label ‘‘Emotionally
unfaithful, but NOT sexually unfaithful’’ or ‘‘Sexually unfaithful,
but NOT emotionally unfaithful’’.
We
reversed the order of the columns for half the surveys. The 103 emotions were presented
in a single, random order. In sum, the primary study was a 2 (participant sex) 62 (infidelity type) design, with participant sex a between-subjects variable and infidelity type a
within-subjects variable. About 30 students of the same sex participated in each session.
Undesirable/Insecure
-
Undesirable
-
Physically unattractive
-
Insecure
-
Self-conscious
-
Inferior
-
Unwanted
-
Unimportant
-
Worthless
-
Inadequate
-
Inept
-
Unloved
-
Unappreciated
-
Boring
-
Lonely
-
Jealous
-
Afraid
- Beaten
Hostile/Vengeful
-
Hostile
-
Enraged
-
Vengeful
-
Spiteful
-
Angry
-
Outraged
-
Bitter
-
Aggressive
-
Hatred
-
Deceived
- Betrayed
Depressed
-
Sad
-
Depressed
-
Hurt
- Miserable
-
Heartbroken
-
Weepy
-
Shattered
-
Alone
-
Gloomy
- Anguish
Helpless/Abandoned
-
Helpless
-
Distressed
-
Powerless
-
Hopeless
-
Neglected
-
Confused
-
Abandoned
-
Empty
-
Rejected
-
Frustrated
-
Annoyed
Happy
-
Pleased
-
Delighted
-
Glad
-
Happy
-
Excited
Disappointed
Shocked
-
Surprised
-
Astounded
-
Disbelief
-
Alarmed
Nauseated/Repulsed
-
Nauseated
-
Sickened
-
Numb
-
Repulsed
-
Violated
-
Disgusted
Blameworthy
- Guilty
-
Blameworthy
-
Responsible
-
Self-hate
-
Incompetent
Content/Relieved
-
Content
-
Satisfied
-
Relieved
-
Serene
-
At ease
Humiliated
-
Embarrassed
-
Humiliated
-
Ashamed
-
Foolish
-
Abused
-
Disrespected
-
Used
Sexually aroused
Tired
-
Sleepy
-
Tired
-
Bored
-
Droopy
Homicidal/Suicidal
-
Homicidal
-
Suicidal
-
Violent
-
Anxious
Anxious
Forgiving
Unforgiving

RESULTS
To identify the most general component structure
that might underlie the 103 emotions, we performed a principal-components analysis followed
by varimax rotation on the ratings, collapsing across participant sex and infidelity type.
Although 21 components emerged with eigenvalues
greater than 1.0, the varimax solution failed to converge for this large number of components.
We examined several principal components solutions in which we extracted and rotated a varying number of components.
An interpretable solution emerged when we extracted and rotated 15 components that accounted for 60% of the variance in ratings. The initial scree plot showed a substantial decline in the slope
of the plot after the 15th component, corroborating the decision to retain 15 components
based on interpretability.
Table 1 displays the 15 components and the emotions
loading at least | .30 | on each component but not loading greater than | .30 | on any other
component. The components are presented in order of variance accounted for, beginning with
Undesirable/Insecure, which accounted
for the largest percentage of inter-item variance.
We conducted additional sets of
principal components analyses on emotional reactions to a partner’s: (a) emotional
infidelity, and (b) sexual infidelity. These analyses (available from the first author on
request) also yielded 15 components, virtually identical in content to the 15 components
that resulted when the analyses used ratings collapsed across infidelity type.
Undesirable/Insecure includes emotions such as feeling inferior and undesirable that focus on qualities lacking in the participant that the unfaithful partner might be looking for in someone else.
Hostile/Vengeful covers the two related dimensions
of hostility and vengeance and includes emotions such as:
Depressed covers a range of depressive emotions, from:
Helpless/Abandoned taps feelings of:
as indicated by the high loadings of:
-
powerless
-
hopeless
-
feelings of abandonment
as indicated by the high loading of neglected.
Happy covers emotions such as
Shock includes emotions such as:
Nauseated/Repulsed covers symptoms of:
- acute physical illness - such as nausea and feeling sickened
but also covers emotions such as feeling repulsed.
Blameworthy includes emotions associated with feeling responsible for a partner’s infidelity, such as guilty and blameworthy.
Content/Relieved differs from the other components
in that the emotions included in this component, such as content and serene, are relatively
positive or neutral.
Humiliated includes emotions such as embarrassed
and foolish.
Sexually aroused includes just two emotions, aroused
and sexually aroused.
Tired taps an emotional-physical state that includes
items such as sleepy, bored, and droopy.
Homicidal/Suicidal includes ‘‘violent’’
and illustrates that emotional reactions to infidelity can motivate destructive behaviors.
Anxious covers emotions that tap anxiety, including
feeling tense and worried.
Forgiving indexes the understanding and forgiveness
one has for a partner’s infidelity.
To obtain reliable indexes of each component, we summed with unit weighting emotions loading at least | .30 | on the component and not loading greater
than | .30 | on any other component. Table 2 shows the number of emotions, reliability coefficients,
and mean inter-item correlations for each component for sexual infidelity, emotional infidelity,
and across infidelity type.
Across infidelity type and separately for sexual infidelity and emotional infidelity, all components show fair to excellent reliability and moderate mean inter-item correlations. All subsequent discussion of the 15 components of emotional
reactions refers to the components as presented in Table 2.
For reportorial completeness, Table 3 provides the across-sex correlations
among the 15 components. The correlations range from 7.51, between Forgiving and Hostile/Vengeful, to .72, between Helpless/Abandoned
and Undesirable/Insecure.
Although most of
the correlations are positive, ratings for three components correlate negatively with most
of the remaining components, but positively among themselves. These components are Happy,
Content/Shocked were higher than men’s
ratings on these components for both types of infidelity, but the mean sex differences were
greater for emotional infidelity than for sexual infidelity.
Men’s ratings of Homicidal/Suicidal were higher than women’s
ratings for both types of infidelity, but the mean sex difference was greater for emotional
infidelity than for sexual infidelity.
Two sets of follow-up analyses revealed that the sex differences and infidelity type differences were not contingent on experience in a committed relationship or on experience with a partner’s infidelity. We conducted repeated measures ANOVAs parallel to the primary analyses, first including only data from participants
who had ever been in a committed relationship, and second including only data from participants
who indicated that a committed partner had ever been unfaithful.
Although the follow-up analyses included data from fewer
participants, the results did not differ for either subsample, and they did not differ from
the results generated using the full sample of participants (analyses available from the
first author on request).
To compare the results for Geary et al.’s (1995) American sample with the results of the present research, we conducted an independent means t-test for a sex difference in the ratings for ‘‘jealousy’’,
‘‘angry’’, and ‘‘hurt’’.
In reaction to a partner’s sexual infidelity,
women report greater anger and hurt (Ms for men and women,
respectively, for anger: 6.66, 7.00; for hurt: 6.65, 7.26; following are absolute values:
t(653) = 2.44, p = .015, for anger; t(653) = 4.74, p < .001, for hurt). No sex difference was found for jealousy (Ms for men and women, respectively: 5.55, 5.51;
t = 0.21, p > .80). In reaction to a partner’s emotional
infidelity, women
reported greater anger, hurt, and jealousy than men (Ms
for men and women, respectively, for anger: 5.79, 6.15; for hurt: 6.77, 7.43; for jealousy: 5.61, 6.21; following are absolute values: t(653) = 2.19, p = .029, for anger;
t(653) = 5.44, p < .001, for hurt; t(653) = 3.02, p = .003, for jealousy).

DISCUSSION
This research used a novel methodology - the act
nomination procedure - to identify a wide range of emotional reactions to a partner’s
infidelity. A follow up study identified 15 components that underlie the 103 participant-nominated
emotional reactions.
Using these 15 components of emotional reactions,
we explored:
(a) sex differences in emotional reactions,
(b) differences in emotional reactions to a partner’s
sexual infidelity and emotional infidelity, and
(c) interactions between participant sex and infidelity
type in emotional reactions to a partner’s infidelity.
Many of the components of emotional reactions to
infidelity identified in the present research overlap conceptually with the clusters of
emotions, cognitions, and behaviors underlying ‘‘romantic jealousy’’
as identified by Sharpsteen and Kirkpatrick (1997).
The Hostile/Vengeful component overlaps with Sharpsteen
and Kirkpatrick’s Irritability, Vengefulness, and Anger clusters.
Sharpsteen and Kirkpatrick’s Sadness cluster maps onto the Depressed components and the Hopeless/Abandoned component.
The
Inferiority cluster shares conceptual features with the Undesirable/Insecure,
Depressed, Helpless/Abandoned, Nauseated/Repulsed, and Anxious components.
The
Insecurity cluster maps onto the Undesirable/Insecure components.
The Future is Not Bright cluster maps onto the Blameworthy and Helpless/Abandoned components, and the Fear cluster
maps loosely onto the Shocked component.
Sharpsteen and Kirkpatrick (1997) used cluster analysis, whereas in the present research we used principal components
analysis. The considerable conceptual overlap between the components
identified in the present study and the clusters identified by Sharpsteen and Kirkpatrick
(1997) attests to the reliability of the conceptual categories
identified in these studies.
The 15 components of emotional reactions identified
in the present studies cover the range of affect as presented by Russell (1980), from positive or pleasant (e.g.,
Happy, Content/Relieved), to negative or unpleasant (e.g., Hostile/Vengeful, Undesirable/Insecure).
Although positive or pleasant emotions were not well represented among those listed by participants in the preliminary
study, several such emotions were listed. Why did participants in this research nominate
positive or pleasant emotions, whereas previous research generated only negative or unpleasant
emotions?
One possibility is that the wording of the instructions to participants is responsible for the broader nomination
of emotional reactions.
We asked participants to nominate emotional reactions to infidelity rather than asking participants to nominate emotions (or
thoughts or behaviors)
associated with ‘‘jealousy’’ or ‘‘romantic jealousy’’. The latter terms have negative or unpleasant connotations for Westerners (see White & Mullen, 1989), and may elicit a negative or unpleasant
mindset.
Alternatively, participants nominating emotions
such as happy might expect to be delighted to have an excuse to get out of a bad relationship.
Using a different methodology, we replicate two
key findings documented by Geary et al. (1995) for their
American sample:
In reaction to a partner’s sexual infidelity, women report greater anger and hurt than
do men. In reaction to a partner’s emotional infidelity, women report greater anger, hurt, and jealousy than do men. In contrast to the results of Geary et al., however, no sex difference
was found for jealousy. It is not clear why the sex difference for jealousy failed to replicate
in the current research, especially in the light of the two replications.
The current studies are limited in several ways
that suggest directions for future work. One limitation pertains to the samples, who were
undergraduates from a single culture and a relatively restricted age range.
It is possible that the current studies missed some important emotional reactions that might be more likely
to occur in older, married persons, who might be more experienced in the domains of perceiving
and committing infidelity.
We note, however, that 90% of participants in the primary study reported past or current involvement in a committed relationship. 3 in 4 of these relationships included sexual
intercourse.
1 in 5 undergraduates reported falling in love
with another person while involved in a committed relationship. 1 in 4 reported having sex with someone else while involved in a committed relationship. These rates of infidelity are comparable to rates reported for married persons.
Thus, the use of
undergraduates to identify the emotional reactions to a partner’s infidelity is reasonable,
although it is important to extend this research to samples of older, married persons. Another limitation of this research is a methodological limitation.
Participants were instructed to imagine their partner’s
infidelity. We have no reason to expect profound differences in imagined versus actual emotional
reactions to a partner’s infidelity This is an empirical question, however. Future
work can explore, for example, whether the 15 components of emotional reactions identified in this research replicate with reports of emotional reactions to
an actual infidelity.
An important direction for future work is to identify
the behavioral and cognitive correlates of the emotional reactions to infidelity. A particularly
urgent area for research is to examine whether some emotional reactions might signal impending violence against a wife. For example, wife-batterers are reported to experience intense anger and hostility just prior to battering their wives (Daly & Wilson, 1988).
Other attempts to prevent a partner’s defection
from a relationship - including spousal murder (Buss & Shackelford,
1997; Daly & Wilson, 1988; Daly et al., 1982)
- also might be predicted by the underlying emotional state of the battering man. If we
can predict wife-battery from the emotional state of the batterer, we might be able to intervene
and derail an impending disaster.
The present research was not designed to test specific
hypotheses derived from a theory of emotional reactions to infidelity. Instead, the overarching
goal of this research was to identify a broad array of emotional reactions that people might experience on the discovery of a partner’s sexual or emotional infidelity.
In addition to identifying 15 component emotional
reactions to a partner’s infidelity, this research documented that the sexes differ
in their experience of some of these emotions.
For example, men scored higher on Homicidal/Suicidal, whereas women scored higher on Undesirable/Insecure. This
research also documented several differences in the emotional reactions experienced on discovery
of a partner’s sexual versus emotional infidelity.
For example, participants endorsed Nauseated/Repulsed
as more likely to follow sexual infidelity and Undesirable/Insecure as more likely to follow
emotional infidelity.
Infidelity and the emotional reactions to a partner’s
infidelity are important phenomena that must be addressed by any purportedly comprehensive
theory of romantic relationships, such as an evolutionary psychological theory (Buss, 1994), equity theory (Walster et al., 1978), and an investment model perspective (Rusbult, 1980).
In addition, the sex differences and infidelity
type differences identified in this research should be addressed by any theory of romantic
relationships. Thus, a clear direction for future work is to situate these findings within a comprehensive theory of intimate relationship processes and functioning.
Revised manuscript received 21 December 1999
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source site: click here
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The findings of a report
into child sexual abuse in Aboriginal communities in Northern Territory, that talks of juvenile prostitution , rivers of grog,
child sex in exchange of drugs, have shocked and sickened all Australians.
``It is a damning indictment of our failure to protect children,'' said Mal Brough, Federal Indigenous
Affairs Minister. ``This is a national disgrace, it is a disaster and it is something that should never happen in this country.''
Brough was reacting to the report of the Protection of Aboriginal Children from Sexual Abuse inquiry,
established by the NT Government last August. According to the report, child sex is widespread and often unreported in Aboriginal
communities, and victims are as young as a three year old.
The abuse of children
was reported in every one of the 45 communities the inquiry commission visited. In its 316-page report, the inquiry blamed
lack of education, alcoholism, and serious social problems for the abuse of children.
``If
governments fail to work together a long-term plan to address the problem, the indigenous communities are facing a disaster,''
said Rex Wild, co-chairman of the inquiry. Pat Anderson, his fellow chairwoman, said: ``Our children are suffering from one
end to the other.''
The report revealed of Aboriginal girls engaged in rampant informal
sex trade with non-Aboriginal workers from a mining company for alcohol, cash and other goods in exchange for sex. In at least
three other cases, the inquiry was told that young Aboriginal girls traded sex for drugs.
In
one community children as young as six were regularly seen acting out sexual behavior in groups. One child was only
three. According to the inquiry, overcrowded houses often exposed the children to sex and pornography.
The high rate of sexually transmitted infections in teenagers aged between 12 and 16, and a high rate of teenage
pregnancy, could be attributed to the high rate of consensual sex between children, the report said.
``Teenagers no longer saw themselves as bound by the old values and many viewed the modern world as lawless,''
the report cited as the crux of the problem. Similarly, it also reported that the victims often became the perpetrators in
future.
``It is shocking but not surprising,'' said Warren Mundine, who has worked
with Aborigines before. Tougher policing and economic development could improve social life of Aborigines, he said. Even if
the report did not mention about a pedophile ring, those working with the Aborigines for long suspect that pedophiles do exploit
the children.
``Western Australia has spent $ 76 million for development of Aborigines
in the last four years. The implementation could be slow. But it has to be pushed,'' said Sue Gordon, head of the federal
Government's National Indigenous Council.
Waking up to the enormity of the problem,
Northern Territory chief Minister Clare Martin said the report very clearly had said that not enough has been done to check
the abuse of Aboriginal children and promised to implement recommendations of the report.
The
inquiry has made 97 recommendations, like changes to the education system, tightening of pornography laws, immediate action
to reduce alcohol consumption and more government support to Aboriginal communities.
source site: click here
Medical & Social Impacts
Is Internet pornography harmful
- or just harmless fun? To answer these questions, you first need to understand what the word "pornography" means and what effect it can have on you, your children and your community.
Medical Impacts
Pornography is addictive.
Ask anyone who admits they have a problem with pornography – they will tell you that much like smokers and drug abusers,
they have tried to quit numerous times. But all too often they find themselves turning back to pornography.
Science is now catching up
to what many have experienced for years. The brain reacts similarly to drugs and pornography. Pornography can actually hijack
the natural reward system of the brain; a system meant to create and encourage habits we need to survive. Pornography overloads
this system and can shape behavior.
Like other addicts pornography
pitfalls can be triggered by stress, fatigue, as well as feelings of sadness and loneliness. Pornography becomes a way of coping with life’s problems; and often despite commitments to spouse,
clergy, employer, family or friends to stop addicts are drawn to it. These people can’t just "turn it off."
Clearly this presents major
medical concerns. And this concern isn’t new. A report from the US Surgeon General in 1987 indicated “Although
the evidence may be slim, we nevertheless know enough to conclude that pornography does present a clear and present danger
to American public health.” Internet pornography has only aggravated this danger.
For more information on how
pornography affects the brain please review the documents in the medical section of the Resources page.
Social Impacts
The power of pornography addiction
feeds dramatic and horrifying impacts to society. Most noticeable among these are the impacts to families and children.
Marriage and Families
Pornography consumption destroys
marriages and families. Spouses often view Internet pornography and associated chats and activities as a form of infidelity.
This places great stress on a marriage. Some families face pornography related debt. Pornography is also related to a decrease
in sexual satisfaction and intimacy in couples.
All these factors can be great
stressors on a marriage, and often the pressure is too great to bear. A 2002 survey of members of the American Academy of
Matrimonial Lawyers found that 62% reported that the Internet played a role in divorce cases in the previous year and 56%
said that an obsessive interest in Internet pornography was one of the most cited problems. A divorce not only hurts the couple;
the break up of marriages and homes can also have drastic effects on a child’s well-being.
Pornography has been linked
to the general devaluation of marriage and child rearing. It can also lead to increased aggression and risk for deviant sexual
behavior.
Direct Impacts to Children
Although in many places it
is illegal to distribute pornography to a minor, children have easy access to pornography. A study published in the February
2007 edition of Pediatrics found that significant numbers of 10 and 11 year olds are consistently exposed to pornography online.
The same study found that
42% of children ages 10 to 17 had been exposed to Internet pornography within the last year. Statistically that amounts to
nearly 15 million children in the United States alone. Children often report feeling sickened,
upset, shocked, embarrassed and sad after seeing pornography.
Despite these feelings, pornography
affects the sexual behavior and activities of children. It is popular now to create your own “porn movie” and
post it on the Internet, often mimicking actions seen in online pornography. A child’s consumption of pornography can
also lead to more aggressive sexual behavior. Children and teens can develop compulsive sexual behavior.
We are at risk of raising
a generation of porn addicts – unlike any generation before. These children and teens, especially young men, are growing
up with dangerous misconceptions about sex and relationships. If this “Porn Generation” continues unchecked it
will have severe consequences for our world.
For more information on the
social impacts of pornography please visit the Resource section of the website.
Making a Final Decision on Pornography
Understanding what pornography is and how it can affect you and your family is the first step towards making a decision whether or not
you want to access potentially harmful material.
source site: click here
Real life stories: I was married to a rapist for 10 years
12/06/2008
To Heather Hunt it was just
another night - her husband got home from one of his long, solitary drives and climbed into bed beside her.
But it wasn't until 17 years
later Heather realized she had been sleeping with a monster.
Neil Hunt, 43, the father
of her three children, had driven off earlier that evening.
He stopped when he spotted
a middle-aged woman alone by the road. Leaping out of the car he threw her to the ground and violently raped her. Then he
drove back to the family home.
Heather groans: "The thought
of him climbing into bed and having sex with me afterwards makes me feel sick to my stomach. It's too horrific to even contemplate.
"I could have been making
love to that man while his poor victim lay on the roadside."
Heather, now 45, from Portsmouth,
was introduced to 16-year-old Hunt at her stepsister Elizabeth's 18th birthday party. He was great company.
"I was 18 and working in the
offices of a car company," recalls Heather. "I'd left school with no qualifications and no ambition other than to get married
and have kids.
"Neil had just joined the
Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers. I thought: 'This is a guy who's going places'."
Two years later, Heather and
Hunt became a couple.
"We socialized so often at
family functions, we really hit it off," she says. "I was living on a council estate. Neil made me see there was an alternative
and he became my passport out of there."
Hunt rode his motorcycle from
his Army base in Middle Wallop, 60 miles away, to see Heather nearly every night.
"I'd had a few boyfriends
before Neil," says Heather.
"But he was the first to sweep
me off my feet. That's not to say we were all hearts and flowers. The relationship was stormy.
We both wanted the last word
in an argument." Hunt forced Heather into experimenting sexually - leaving her feeling sickened
and exploited.
She remembers: "He tried to
dominate me during sex. "It wasn't something I agreed to or enjoyed."
Hunt proposed while stationed
in Belize in Central America. They married at Petersfield Square church in December, 1985.
And Heather admits sadly: "I felt like the happiest woman alive."
But married life was hellish.
Stuck in the middle of nowhere on an Army base and unable to drive, Heather had nothing to do.
And their rows became explosive.
"I wanted him to help with
the housework but he wanted an old-fashioned housewife," says Heather. " He'd smash crockery and throw my clothes out of the
window."
Six months after the wedding,
Heather passed her driving test and got a job as an Army typist.
But her real hope was to be
a mum. Her wish came true when she gave birth to Michael, in January 1989.
"He was a dream to look after,
says Heather.
"Then he contracted the herpes
simplex virus," says Heather.
"His brain was damaged and
he had epilepsy. It was then, with a sick baby in my arms, that Neil told me he wanted to leave but would stay because Michael
was ill.
"To the outside world, Neil
seemed the perfect daddy - bouncing Michael on his knee.
But he only looked after our
son when it suited him."
And he started disappearing
on long drives alone. "He never said where he was going or what he was doing," Heather says. "Now I wonder if it was on one
of these drives that he attacked that woman."
The warring couple had another
son, James, in 1995 but the marriage broke up just four months later.
"Neil pushed me against a
wall during an argument," she says. "I only suffered a graze but it was enough to make me question: 'What's next?' I had visions
of James seeing his mummy pushed around."
They kept in touch for a while
when Hunt saw the children. Then four years later, poorly Michael died in his sleep, aged 10.
"Neil left me to grieve while
he planned the funeral," says Heather. "I'd given birth to a stillborn baby boy, Matthew, in 1991 and Neil arranged for Michael
to be buried opposite his brother. It was one of the few kind things I recall him doing for his son."
But over the next few years
as Hunt began new relationships, Heather concentrated on her children and they only had contact for James's sake.
Then, in October 2006, Heather's
stepbrother broke the news that Hunt had been arrested on a charge unrelated to the rape. "The man who fathered my babies
had been hauled away in cuffs. I felt sick to my stomach," Heather says.
"I rang Neil and told him
he would never see James again. "He accepted my decision without a fight."
She got another call in January
2007. DNA from a mouth swab taken at the time of Hunt's arrest had linked him with an unsolved rape dating back 17 years.
Heather says: "My first thought was: 'What was I doing at that time? How could I not have known?'
"And then came the horrible
realization - he must have slept with me after raping that poor woman.
"The way he'd tried to dominate
me left me in no doubt he was guilty. I rushed to the toilet and was sick."
Looking back, Heather realized
that Hunt's attack took place within weeks of tragic Michael's christening.
She says: "Michael was so
poorly I was terrified he'd die and wanted him christened.
"I can't believe Neil could
stand in church then go on to savage that woman at the roadside."
Heather watched the TV reports
of the trial with their son James, then 12.
"I asked him: 'Do you understand what rape is?' I thought it was important to tell James about his dad's crime.
"He sobbed: 'I can't believe
Dad's done that'!"
Hunt was convicted of rape
at Winchester Crown Court in July 2007 and jailed for 12 years. In December, the Court of Appeal in London cut his sentence
to seven years.
"I followed the case in the
papers," says Heather.
"I read that the victim still
suffers nightmares and has panic attacks.
"Neil wrecked her life. Now
I know the truth about him, mine will never be the same again either."
Now I know the truth about him, my life will never be the same again.
source site: click here
Psychic Abilities
(The following unpublished material comes from a group of “inner
teachers”, channeled by Ellen Meredith, author of Listening In: Dialogues with the Wiser Self.Calling themselves “the Council”,
these teachers invite us to consider and define our spiritual practice in very personal terms. They are non-denominational
in their affinities, and generally work to promote a grounded, balanced approach to spirituality through everyday activity
and creative expression. For a definition of the “three selves” - Wiser Self, Talking Self, Earth Elemental Self
- click here .)
“Psychic abilities are
ridiculed, denounced, pooh-poohed, and disbelieved by many in your culture, and overly revered or feared by others. And yet
they are just part of your basic equipment, like seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling and feeling.
“What does it mean to
be psychic? It means to use your intuition. It means to read the movements and constellations of energy. If you aren't physically
blind, then you are able to use your eyes to pick up light and color data, and use your mind to interpret those data as visual
images. Being psychic is also a matter of picking up energetic data and interpreting them.
“What makes psychic
perception seem strange is that energy is "invisible". In some ways, psychic reading is more akin to hearing than it is to
seeing. The data you are reading are not as concrete as the objects you see, nor are they always physically present.
“For many centuries
now, your judeo-christian culture has carried a great fear of unseen forces. Magic, psychic intuition, spiritual healing,
and many mystic practices were considered the work of the devil because they were not understood, and because they were used by rival political and religious factions. The fear of psychic abilities was directly connected
to a general fear of the so-called "feminine", intuitive aspects of human nature.
“But as scientific thinking
has evolved, it has moved closer and closer to an understanding of the universe that is similar to that of mystics and occultists. With the invention of radios, for example, you no longer
needed to be physically present to hear something. Sound could be carried to you invisibly along the air waves. And with the
invention of televisions, you no longer needed to be present with an object to see it. The visual data could also be transmitted
through the air waves, and presented to you upon request.
“Energy, too, can be
perceived without the constraints of time or place. It can be recorded, transmitted, and picked up at a distance, because
it works through a principle we call resonance. Although your physical universe appears to be linear and concrete, your energetic
universe is not. A mind that is resonating at a certain level, or in a certain way, can be heard or "read" by another mind
which is tuned to read that resonance of energy, no matter where both minds are located geographically.
“Each event, each human
endeavor has its own resonance, or set of resonances. Each element, each metal, each organic substance also has a certain
resonance. Many of these have been measured and categorized by your chemists and physicists. There are Geiger counters, electron
microscopes, and a host of other tools which have been developed to help you read the energies and resonances of the physical
realm. But you have instruments built into your mind and body which will allow you to read these same resonances, and also
the resonances of human mind and spirit.
“So how do you activate
your ability to pick up resonances? It is easy. It is a matter of asking your mind to stop filtering out psychic data. Just
as your mind filters out thousands of sounds your ear picks up, which you do not choose to attend to, your mind receives lots
of energetic data that it basically ignores. Occasionally you have flashes of intuition or sudden insight that seem to come
out of the blue. In fact they come out of this part of your mind which was never entirely quashed.
“Psychic powers, or
the perception of resonance, increase whenever you engage in an activity that requires you to "listen" with your mind. Meditation
practice, for example, generally leads to a heightened awareness of the energy resonating around you. When you quiet your
active thinking and turn off your logical faculties for a time, what emerges is your Wiser Self resonance, your links within
the web of connection, and the sense-messages that your mind has not yet learned how to categorize or interpret.
“You sometimes hear
psychic awareness described as a side-effect of meditation. It is seen by some traditions as a distraction on the path toward
spiritual awareness. But we don't see it as a distraction. We see it as a tool, like the eyes, ears, tongue, nose and nerves
are tools for you in this dimension of reality.
“Psychic powers also
increase when you do artistic and creative work, inviting your mind's eye to activate, welcoming the muse to animate your
inner vision. Since your imagination is a prime instrument for registering your psychic sense perceptions, any attention you
pay to it increases its flexibility and scope.
“Any work which requires
compassion -- counseling, nursing, healing, mediating, communicating -- also greatly stimulates and calls forth your psychic
abilities. When you reach out toward others to understand them, to see their way of being more clearly, to feel their pain
or joy, to tune into their resonance, you increase your ability to use your psychic powers.
“Each time you fall
in love, or fear someone, or want something from someone, you send out mental feelers to perceive what is happening with that
important other. Each time a friend goes on a trip, or a loved one is in a risky situation, there is a part of your being
listening in to their resonance, and monitoring it on a subtle level.
“In other words, psychic
sensing is a far greater part of your everyday use of your mind than you realize. Those of you who drive cars may be aware
of how frequently you use your internal radar to supplement your visual attention. Those of you who are in relationships may
be conscious of the amount of telepathy that goes back and forth in silent communications.
“If you want to develop
your psychic abilities, it is not just a matter, then, of activating these abilities. They are already fairly active in many
of you. It is a matter of learning not to block out the data, and then learning how to interpret it. A young child needs to
learn how to correlate the visual data she is getting with her emerging mental understandings of the world. You too, need to learn to correlate the psychic or energetic data you receive with your understanding and emerging wisdom about the world.
“There are two levels
where it is fruitful to work on this. First is the level of "reading" energy itself. Do you feel it speeding up, slowing down,
blocked, moving, "tight", loose? How do you characterize the energy you can perceive emanating from a person or situation?
This is analogous to the work the eye does to collect light data.
“The second, more crucial
level of using your psychic instrument is learning to read the meanings or tone of what you are perceiving. This is analogous
to the work your mind's eye does in interpreting the visual images into vision. What is that quickened energy telling you?
How can you characterize that blockage, or tightness? What images, sensations, or related experience does this energetic perception
invoke in you?
“In order to make use
of your psychic abilities more consciously, you need to develop a vocabulary for it. Just as some teen-age boys have difficulty
understanding and working with their emotions because they don't have a vocabulary which allows them to identify and characterize what
they are feeling, you will have difficulty using your psychic faculties wisely, unless you develop an adequate vocabulary.
“What is an adequate
vocabulary? It is a set of words, images, and concepts that allow you great flexibility, subtlety and scope. You are working
to communicate with your Earth Elemental Self, which is your receiver for energetic data, and which understands things in symbolic, sensual ways. It takes great subtlety, and some humility, to translate this symbolic language into verbal
language.
“For example, when you
tune into a friend's energy, and ask: "how is my friend feeling?", your earth elemental receives a complex and multifaceted
sense impression. If you are trying to receive this message on a mental scale of "one-to-ten", then you are going to only
receive a small part of what is being perceived.
“Similarly, if you try
to "read" someone's energy as an image, then you are left interpreting that image to your linear mind. And there is much room
for error. If you ask, "how is my friend doing", and receive the mental image of a fish swimming upstream, just what does
that image tell you? It is only over time that you become deeply familiar with the way your own mind works, and the meaning
of your own personal lexicon of images, sensations, and symbols.
“Many people use tools
to help them pick up energetic information. This is not cheating, any more than it is cheating to wear glasses to improve
your visual acuity. But it is important not to mistake the tool for a conscious source. For example, a pendulum can help amplify
physical and earth elemental energies. So you can ask a pendulum, "Is there silver down below me in the earth?" and get a
yes-no answer. You can also ask a pendulum to amplify your body's energy, and tell you whether there is a tumor blocking your
ovary. The pendulum, held in the hand of an earth elemental, can amplify earth elemental knowing.
“The pendulum, like
glasses, can not make judgement calls. You can't get a clear and accurate answer if you ask the pendulum whether you should
stop eating sugar. What you will get in that case is a yes-no reduction of whatever complicated earth elemental responses
you have to this question. Asking a pendulum to advise you is a little like visiting a wise guru and saying "I want you to
teach me the meaning of the universe, but I will ask the questions and you can only answer yes, no, or maybe." As a tool it
can be useful; as a vocabulary it is extremely limited.
“The Ouija board, too,
is an extremely limited tool. On the one hand, it can help you to get in touch with entities and spirits, and reinforce your
own sense that "someone is out there". On the other hand, asking the wise beings of the universe to advise you through the Ouija board is something like asking William Shakespeare to compose his
sonnets using alphabet blocks. It is a limited and unwieldy tool, and is most likely to invite limited and unwieldy thinking.
“Other tools, such as
the tarot cards, the runes, the I Ching, and astrology, offer richer more subtle vocabularies. When you ask the universe for
insight into your problem, and you draw a card that has a whole universe of associations, history, and images to offer you,
your interpreting mind is given more scope and potential for hearing what it needs to hear. But the cards, the runes, the
I Ching and your horoscope don't really speak to you, any more than your glasses see. They are tools used by your mind for
communicating with your Wiser Self, and with other teaching and healing entities. It is only when you treat them as tools,
rather than oracles, that they are able to yield rich and helpful results.
“Your psychic powers
are there to serve you, just as your language abilities are there to serve you. They are a faculty that you can use in order
to deepen your compassion, your sense of connection with others, your ability to communicate and commune with others. They
are not there so that you can dominate, control, or manipulate others. If you find someone using psychic insights to extort
money from you, or meet a psychic promising to use her powers to make someone do something for you, or hear someone so proud
of his psychic awareness that he violates other's privacy and insults their judgement and choices, then that is not a skilled
or healthy practitioner -- that is indeed a quack.
“(As an aside, we wish
to point out that just because someone is psychic doesn't mean she or he is wise, any more than someone who knows how to read
the printed word with beautiful pronunciation necessarily understands the meaning of all texts. To become a skilled psychic reader takes as much practice and work as to become skilled at reading,
understanding and knowing how to interpret poetry. Because there is still so much lingering superstition and suspicion about psychic work, it is difficult for someone with highly developed natural intuition to get appropriate training and support to learn to use this gift wisely. It is difficult for people seeking help from a psychic to know whether that person is a quack or a wise and grounded counselor.
We suggest you check your practitioners’ “credentials” as best you can -- read their written materials,
ask them what ethics they use in their practice, find someone who can recommend them to you, ask them what traditions or belief
system they adhere to, find out if they have been trained. )
A Note about Sensitivity
“Many of the friends
we meet in body complain of feeling "attacked" or bombarded psychically. It is true that when you develop this faculty you
are more sensitive. There are many people in your culture who are unconscious of their telepathic communications and who frequently "broadcast"
their pain, discomfort, desires, judgements without taking responsibility for them as communications. This can be extremely
uncomfortable for someone who is an intuitive and sensitive "receiver".
“It is useful to install
an imaginary "dimmer switch" on your psychic awareness, learning to turn it on and off to a certain extent when you wish.
You are able to do this with your vision by shutting your eyes. And you are able to shut off your hearing by switching your
attention elsewhere. The technique is similar in protecting yourself psychically. Focus your attention elsewhere. Visualize
a screening mechanism which just gently deflects unwanted data. Clarify in your mind and heart which data you truly want to
receive. Often the poor bombarded seeker is one who is ambivalent -- she wants to be as highly psychic and sensitive as possible,
but she doesn't like feeling sickened by the overload she has allowed into her system. Being
a psychic receiver is more a question of assimilation and tolerance for information, than it is a question of being able to
get psychic "hits".
“Your psychic faculty
is the part of your mind which allows you to feel and perceive your participation in the inner web of connection. Sometimes
the Talking Self needs to block out this faculty in order to maintain her sense of self, and her sense of separateness, which
is one of the tugs of her nature. If you honor this need, to shut out the energy of others when Talking Self requires it,
then you are more likely to find the willingness and means to opening to your greater powers as well.”
Listening In: Dialogues with the Wiser Self, by Ellen Meredith, can be ordered through bookstores, by calling
1 (800) 442-6304(Beyond Words Bookstore)
source site: click here
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