Behavior
Mistrustful, hypervigilant
Acts very cautious about being vulnerable
in any way
Searches out evidence of hidden hostility
or negative intent in others; collects evidence of this
May even provoke others in order
to bring this out in the open, though it often causes the hostility, becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy
Doubts other people’s competence,
ability to follow through, truthfulness, caring, positive feelings
Looks past people’s images
or what they say to what is underneath
May stay withdrawn or isolated to
avoid being hurt
Afraid of something being used against
him later
Motivation
Expects others to have hidden hostility,
judgement, rejection, etc.
Need to protect oneself, especially
by getting it out in the open
Core
Issues/Origins
Betrayal: Parent was caring and loving
at times, leading the child to be open and vulnerable, and then at other times the parent was just the opposite
The child shares sensitive information
with the parent, and it is used against him later
May also come from abandonment
Deception: Child is told that the
parent is feeling positively toward the child when there is underlying hostility
Parent erects a positive persona
that fools the outside world, but is harmful to child inside the home.
Can be internalized from suspicious
parents
Conscious
Statement
You can’t trust anyone
Unconscious
Thought
If I trust, I will be harmed
Representations
Self: Protective, careful, perceptive
Other: Deceiving, betraying, hidden
hostility
Sees
Others As
Hidden dangers
Healthy
Capacities Blocked
Trust, vulnerability, responsiveness,
caring, belonging, commitment
Gender
and Culture
More common in men
More common in groups that have been
discriminated against, especially in cover ways
Activating
Conditions
People who are outwardly warm and
friendly or who offer help
People who don’t show any anger
directly or who otherwise clearly have a facade
People who have underlying anger
Distinctions
A suspicious person may be angry,
but the angry pattern can derive from many other sources.
Isolated people also have difficulty
trusting or allowing vulnerability, but they aren’t afraid of hidden motives, they are afraid of closeness.
Defiant people may also be cautious
and guarded, but they react to direct exercise of power rather than a fear of hidden power
Perceptiveness is a healthy capacity
that can help a person to see hidden hostility or negative intent. When this is seen accurately, this is not a suspicious
pattern. When a person repeatedly sees it when it isn’t there or looks for it or over-reacts to it, this is evidence
of a suspicious pattern.
RELATED
PATTERNS
The suspicious person is likely to
have conflicts with people with charming, compliant, caring, and idealizing patterns.
PSYCHOTHERAPY
Related
Technical Concepts
Extreme is paranoid personality disorder,
which usually also includes angry victim and prideful patterns
Transference
Client doesn’t trust therapist
Expects that you have underlying
anger, etc.
Afraid that at some point in the
future you will turn on him
Countertransference
toward Suspicious Client
Defensiveness and irritation at accusations
and suspicions
Becoming angry when client provokes
you
Countertransference
of Suspicious Therapist
Too much focus on looking for underlying
manipulation or projection or hidden hostile intent in clients
Group
Roles/Positions, Strengths of Some Suspicious Clients
Scapegoat because of provoking people
Group sleuth, searching out underlying
issues
TREATMENT
Forming
the Alliance
If the client accuses you of hidden
negative feelings, it is usually best to acknowledge whatever is there. This can permit enough trust for the client to engage
in the therapy.
It is also important that you completely
accept the client’s lack of trust, with no defensiveness.
Understanding
of Pattern Needed by Client
That his suspicions are distorted.
However, this cannot be achieved by anything direct from you. Don’t try to correct his distortions. This will just seem
defensive and confirm his suspicions.
Accessing
Core Issues and Origins
Betrayal, deception
Help the client to explore exactly
how he doesn’t trust you, what he is afraid of. Lead this back to accessing origins in a way that doesn’t invalidate
the client’s feelings about you.
Any access that involves vulnerability
or shame is very delicate, because the client may expect this to be used against him later.
Experimenting
with Healthy Behavior
Revealing sensitive issues
Healing
Relationship
No response in the moment can be
healing because the client expects to be betrayed later. The client must see over the long haul that you can be trusted. This
is fostered by your being as honest as possible and not harboring hidden hostility. If the client provokes this in you, it
may be better to admit it openly. This should allow you to develop a relationship that is close with no betrayal or deceit
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